Col. D.I. Mac Pherson v. M. N. Appanna and Another

Judgment

S.C.R. COL. D.I. MAc PHER:SON ti. M. N. APPANNA AND ANOTHER. fSAIYID FAZL ALI, MuKHERJEA and CHA.NDRASEKHAllA AIYAR JJ.] Contract-OOer and acceptanc~tatement of lowest price and counter-offer disting1111hell. On receiving an offer from A for the purchase of a house belonging to B, Y w!Jo was looking after . the house c.abled to B that there was an offer of Rs. 6,000 for the house. B sent a cable in reply on the 5th August, 1944, that he would not accept less than Rs. 10,000. Y conveyed this informatio_n to A on the 9th and on the 14th A wrote a letter to Y stating that he thereby confirmed the oral offer of Rs. 10,000 that he had made to Y on the 11th. On the :6:h Y cabled to B as follows : "Offered Rs. 10,000. May I sell". On the same day, W, another frienJ of B, with whom also B was in correspondence, sent an offer for Rs. 11,000 and B accepted it.

A sued for specific performance alleging that B's cable of the 5th was a counter-offer anJ as he had accepted it on the 14th, there was a concluded contract for sale in his favour on that day. Held, that the table sent 1>y B on the 5th was a men: statement of the lowest price at . which he would sell and contained no implied contract to sell at that price. A's letter of the 14th was under the circumstances only a fresh offer; and as B had not accepted it ~ere was no concluded contract in favour of A. Haruey v. Faeey l1893 J A.C. 552 applied. CML APPELLATE JURiso1CT10N. Appeal from a judgment and decree of the Judicial Commissioner of Coorg, dated 1st April, 1946, in Original Suit No. 1 of 1945. C.R. Pattabhi Raman, for the appellant.. Jindra Lal, for the respondent. 195L February 9. The judgment of the Court was delivered by !95!

Feb.9 FAZL ALI J.--This is an appeal from a judgment Fad ~Ii]~ of the Judicial Commissioner of Coorg in a suit filed bv the first respondent (hereinafter referred to as the plaintiff) against the appellant (hereinafter referred to as . the first defendant) and the second respondent 195! Col. D.I. Mae Pherso• M. N. APP.••• and amJther. Fa<l Ali]. (1951) (hereinafter referred to as the second defendant), for the specific performance of a contract. The first defendant owned a bungalow in Mercara known as "Morvern Lodge". The suit which has given rise to this appeal was instituted by the plaintiff for the specific performance of an alleged contract of sale in respect of this bungalow. It appears that the first defendant owned certain estates in Mercara, and one Mr. White was an alternative director in one of the estates, and Youngman was the manager of another estate also belonging to the first defendant and was looking after "Morvern Lodge" during his absence.

It seems that about the middle of 1944, the plaintiff asked White if he would cable to the first defendant his offer of Rs. 4,000 for the bungalow, and, on the 1st June, 1944, White sent cable to the first defendant to the following effect :- "Have enquiries Mercara bungalow if for sale, wire lowest figure." On the 24th July, 1944, the plaintiff wrote to the first defendant that he was prepared to purchase the bungalow for Rs. 5,000 and if the offer was acceptable to him, he (the first defendant) should inform the plaintiff to which bank he should issue a cheque in payment of the price. This letter was followed up by a cable from Youngman to the first defendant to the following effect :- "Have had offer Morvern Lodge rupees ~ix thousand for immediate possession." On the 8th August, 1944, Youngman received a cable from the first defendant saying : "Won't accept Jes~ than rupees ten thousand".

On the 7th August, 1944, the plaintiff wrote to Youngman asking him whether his offer had been accepted, and saying that he was prepared to accept any higher price if found reasonable. Meanwhile, on the 8th August, the first defendant sent an airgraph to Youngman, which states inter alia :- "I got a cable from you a few days ago saying you had had an offer of Rs. 6,000 for Morvern Lodge. S.C.R. At the same time I got one from White saying value of Bungalow was Rs. 10,000. So wired you-'W on't accept less than Rs. 10,000'." On the 9th August, 1944, Youngman, wrote to the plaintiff as follows :- "In reply to your letter, dated 7th August, I received yesterday a cable from Col. MacPherson regarding your offer of Rs. 6,000, which reads as follows:- 'Won't accept less than rupees ten thousand' MacPherson."

The plaintiff has stated in his plaint that this letter of Youngman was received by him on the 14th August, 1944, and he immediately accepted the "counter-offer made by the first defendant'', and confirmed it ' in writing in a letter addressed to Youngman. In his evidence, however, the plaintiff has stated that he met Youngman on the 11th August after receiving his letter and told him personally that he would. pay Rs. 10,000 for the bungalow and will require immediate delivery. There was also some talk about the ·con..,, veyance charges, and ultimately the plaintiff agreed to bear those charges. - Afterwards, he wrote to Youngman a letter on the 14th August in which after refering to the conversation he had with the latter he stated as follows :- "I hereby confirm my oral offer of ten thousand for the bungalow.

I shall be grateful if you will kindly hurry · up with consultation with your lawyersat Madras and make arrangements to receive the money and hand over the bungalow as early as pJacticable." It appears that three days later, i.e., on the 17th August, one Subbayya wrote to Youngman stating that "he confirmeC:! his offer of Rs. 10,500 made to him (Youngman) the previous day for the purchase of the bungalow", and he expected that the latter had cabled to the first defendant communicating the offer _as promised. It seems that Youngman did not communicate Subbayya's offer to the first defendant, but sent a cable to him on the 26th August to the following effect:- t95t Ma& Pherson M. N. Appanno and Another. Fa~l Ali]. Col. D. J. Mae Ph1rson M. N. Appanna and Lf.notlur. Fad Ali J. [1951] "Offered ten thousand Morvern Lodge immediate possession, May I sell."

On the same day, White cable to tho first defendant in the follow~ng terms :- "'Hold offer for Morvern Bungalow rupees eleven thousand cash subject immediately acceptance and occupation. Strongly recommended acceptance." On the 29th August, Youngman sent an airgraph to the first derendant in which he wrote as follows :- "Thank you for your airgraph letter of 8th August which reached me on 24th instant. I cabled you on Saturday an offer of Rs. 10,000 for Morvern Lodge from the would be purchaser who previously had offered Rs. 6,000, but I had a call from White a day or two ago and he tells me that he cabled an offer on the same day of Rs. 11,000. I except you will have answered these and will have accepted White's offer.

If you have decided will you please arrange for a Power-of-Attorney to be prepared as soon as possible." '• · In the meantime, the first defendant sent a cable to White to the following effect :- "Accept rupees eleven thousand MorVern Lodge occupation permitted when full amount deposited my account Mercantile Bank Madras inform Youngman." Thereafter, the second defendant paid the amount of Rs. 11,000 and occupied the bungalow. The question to be decided in this case is whether in view _of the correspondence which has been reprc>· duced, it could be held that there was a concluded contract for the sale "Morvern Lodge" in favour of the plaintiff on the 14th August, as stated by him in the plaint. The Judicial Commissioner of Coorg who tried the suit held that there was a concluded contract, but, instead of giving to the plaintiff a decree for specific performance, awarded a sum of Rs. 3,000 as compensation to him.

Against this decree, the first defendant alone has appealed, after obtaining a certificate under section 109(c) of the Civil Procedure Code from the Judicial Commissioner. The plaintiff has not preferred any appeal. S.C.R. The plaintiff's case is that the cable sent by the first defendant on the 5th Augus~, and received by Young- . man on the 8th, to the effect that · he would not accept less than Rs. 10,000, was a counter-offer made by him through Youngman to the plaintiff, and the contract was completed as soon as he accepted it. We however find it difficult to hold on the entire facts of the case that there was any concluded contract on the 14th August, 1944, and we are supported in this view by the well-known case of Harvey v. Facey(1), in which the facts were somewhat similar to those of the present case. In: that case, the appellants had telegraphed to the respondents "Will you sell us B.H.P.?

Telegraph lowest cash price", and the respondents had telegraphed in reply, "Lowest price for B.H.P. £900," and then the appellants telegraphed, "We agree to buy B.H.P. for £900 asked by you. Please send us your title-deed in order that we may get early possession," but received no reply. On these facts, the Privy Council held that there was no contract, and Lord Norris, who delivered the judgment of the Board, observed as follows :- "The third telegram from the appellants treats the answer of L.M. Facey stating his lowest price as an unconditional offer to sell to them at the price named. Their Lordships cannot treat the telegram from L. M. Facey as binding him in any respect, except to the extent it does by its terms, viz., the lowest price. Everything else is left open, and the reply telegram from the appellants cannot be treated as an acceptance of an offer to sell them; it is an offer that required to be accepted by L.M. Facey. The contract could only be completed if L.M. Facey had accepted the appellant's last telegram.

It has been contended for the appellants that L.M. Facey's telegram should be read as saying 'yes' to the first question put in the appellant's telegram, but there is nothing to support that contention. L.M. Facey's telegram gives a precise answer to a precise question, viz., the price. The Contract must appear by the telegrams, whereas the (I) (1893) A. C. SS2. Mlll: Phmon M. N. Apparuuz and Anotlwr Far.l Ali]. C.I. D. I. Mae PIITTun JI. N A/"'4nna and Anoti\er. [19511 appellants are obliged to contend that an acceptance of the first question is to be implied. Their Lordships are of opinion that the mere statement of the lowest price at which the vendor would sell contains no implied contract to sell at that price to the persons making the inquiry." The conclusion at which we have arrived is strengthened by certain facts which emerge from the correspondence between the parties.

The real question is whether the first defendartt had made a counter-offer in his cable of the 5th August or he was merely inviting offers. The plaintiff in his letter of the 14th August addressed to Youngman, stated that he confirmed· his oral offer of ten thousand for the bungalow, and he did not say in so many words that he accepted the 'counter-offer' of the first defendant. Similarly, in the cable which Youngman sent to the first defendant on the 28th August, he did not state that the latter's offer had, been accepted, but stated that he had been offered Rs. 10,000 for the bungalow and concluded with the words "May I sell?" Neither party thus treated the first defendant's cable as containing counter-offer. On the other hand, they proceeded on the footing that the plaintiff had made an offer of Rs. 10,000 which was subject to acceptance by the first defendant.

Apparently, the first defendant was in communication not only with Youngman but also White, and both of them rightly thought that no transaction could be concluded without obtaining the first defendant's express assent to it. Mr. Jindra Lal, counsel for the plaintiff, who pressed his points with force and ability, contended that by the 26th August, 1944, Youngman had come under the influence of the rival bidder or at least that of White who was supporting him, and the cable to the first defendant was deliberately framed by Youngman in such a way as to prejudice the plaintiff. There is however nothing in the evidence to support such an extreme conclusion. On the other hand, Youngman has frankly stated in his evidence that he felt it improper to entertain Subbayya' s higher offer and did S.C.R. not communicate it to the first defendant.

This statement is supported by the cable of the 26th August and, if Youngman can be said to have had any leaning at all, it was certainly in favour of the plaintiff. In these circumstances, it would be difficult to hold that Youngman had deliberately misdescribed the plaintiff's acceptance of the counter-offer as his offer in the cable which he sent on the 26th August to the first defendant. It seems to us that the view taken by the Judicial Commissioner is not correct, and, as there was no concluded contract, the decree passed by him awarding . compensation to the plaintiff for breach of contract cannot be sustained. We therefore allow the appeal, set aside the judgment and dtcree of the Judicial Commissioner and dismiss the plaintiff's suit. Having regard to the circumstances of the case, we make no order as to costs. Appeal allowed. Agent for the appellant : M. S. K. Sastri. Agent for the respondent: Rajinder Narain.

THE STATE OF BOMBAY ATMA RAM SRIDHAR VAIDYA [SHRI HARILAL KANIA C.J., SAIYID FAZL ALI, PATANJALI SAsTRr; MuKHERJEA, DAs and CHANDRASEKHARA AIYAR JJ.) Constitution of fodia, Arts. 21, 22 (5)-Preventive detention -Duty to communicate grounds and to afford opportunity to make representation-Whether distinct rights-Ground supplied vague -Non-supply of particulars or supply of particulars at later st.7ge -Whether vitiates dttention-furisdiction of court to consider sufficiency of grounds-Preventive Detention A.ct (IV of 1950), s. 3. The respondent was arrested on the 21st of April, 195(), under the Preventive Detention Act, 1950, and on the 29th of 19Sl Mil() Phersott M. N. APflanM and ANJtlrer. Fazl Ali]. Jan. 25.